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Hydrotherapy: using the power of water to support rehabilitation and recovery

Category: Fitness

 A guide to hydrotherapy - what it is, how it works, who it's suited to and what to expect from a session with Habit Health. 

Water has been used therapeutically for thousands of years - from ancient Roman baths to modern clinical pools. Today, hydrotherapy is a well-established, evidence-informed rehabilitation tool that physiotherapists use to help people move, strengthen and recover in ways that simply aren't possible on land.

At Habit Health, hydrotherapy is offered as part of our wider physiotherapy and rehabilitation services, either as a standalone treatment or alongside other programmes. Here's what you need to know.

What is hydrotherapy?

Hydrotherapy — also known as aquatic therapy or water therapy — involves performing therapeutic exercises and movements in warm water, guided by a physiotherapist. It is not the same as swimming laps or general pool exercise. Every session is clinically directed, with exercises tailored to your specific injury, condition and goals.

The water used in hydrotherapy is typically heated to between 33 and 36 degrees Celsius — warmer than a standard pool. This warmth promotes muscle relaxation, reduces spasm and makes movement easier and less painful, particularly for people managing joint stiffness or chronic pain.

 Why water? The science behind the benefits 

 Water has several unique physical properties that make it a powerful rehabilitation environment. 

 Buoyancy reduces load on joints 

 In water, buoyancy counteracts gravity and significantly reduces the load on weight-bearing joints. Depending on the depth of immersion, the effective body weight can be reduced by up to 90%. This allows people to perform exercises and movements that would be too painful or impossible on land — making hydrotherapy particularly valuable in the early stages of rehabilitation or for people with significant joint pain. 

 Hydrostatic pressure reduces swelling 

 Water exerts gentle, even pressure on the body from all directions. This hydrostatic pressure helps reduce swelling and oedema, improves circulation and provides a sense of joint support — which can reduce the fear of movement that often accompanies injury or surgery. 

 Resistance builds strength safely 

 Water provides natural resistance in all directions of movement, which means muscles work harder without the need for weights or equipment. This resistance can be easily adjusted by changing the speed of movement — making it suitable for all fitness and recovery levels, from post-surgical rehabilitation to athletic conditioning. 

 Warmth relaxes muscles and reduces pain 

 The therapeutic warmth of a hydrotherapy pool relaxes tight muscles, reduces spasm and increases joint mobility. For people with chronic pain conditions, this can make participation in exercise possible when it otherwise wouldn't be.

 Who is hydrotherapy suited to?

Hydrotherapy is used across a wide range of conditions and populations. It is particularly beneficial for:

  • People recovering from joint replacement surgery (hip, knee)
  • Those with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis
  • People rehabilitating after back or spinal injury
  • Those with neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis or cerebral palsy
  • People recovering from lower limb injuries where land-based loading is too painful
  • Older adults who need a safe, low-impact environment to rebuild strength and balance
  • People with chronic pain conditions where conventional exercise is difficult to tolerate
  • Athletes requiring low-impact conditioning during injury recovery

Hydrotherapy is not suitable for everyone. Your physiotherapist will assess whether it is appropriate for your specific situation and advise on any contraindications — such as open wounds, certain skin conditions, cardiovascular instability or compromised immune function.

How hydrotherapy works alongside other treatment

Hydrotherapy is most effective as part of a broader rehabilitation plan rather than in isolation. At Habit Health, it sits within our wider physiotherapy and rehabilitation services and can be coordinated with:

  • Land-based physiotherapy
  • Exercise rehabilitation programmes
  • ACC-funded injury management
  • Pain management services
  • Occupational therapy

The gains made in the water — improved range of movement, reduced pain, greater muscle activation — translate to better outcomes in land-based sessions and faster return to daily function. Your physiotherapist monitors your progress and adjusts the balance of aquatic and land-based work as your recovery progresses.

What to expect from a hydrotherapy session at Habit Health

 Initial assessment 

 Before entering the pool, your physiotherapist will conduct a thorough assessment of your condition, goals and any relevant medical history. This shapes your programme and ensures hydrotherapy is the right fit for your needs. 

 Your programme 

Sessions are conducted in a warm therapeutic pool under the direct guidance of your physiotherapist. Exercises are tailored to your individual needs and may include walking and gait training in water, strength and resistance exercises, range of movement work, balance and coordination activities, and relaxation techniques.

Sessions typically last 30 minutes. You don't need to be a strong swimmer — the pool depth and use of flotation equipment are managed to keep you safe and comfortable throughout.

 Progressing your recovery 

 As your strength, mobility and confidence improve, your physiotherapist will progress your programme — increasing the challenge in the water and beginning to transition more activity to land-based rehabilitation. The goal is always to restore function on land, with hydrotherapy serving as the bridge that gets you there. 

Habit Majestic is home to the only 33-metre saltwater pool in Wellington city centre.

Our highly-qualified Physiotherapists can take you through a supervised one-on-one session and prescribe a tailored programme to suit your goals. So why not grab your togs and come chat to one of our team about taking your rehabilitation into the water?

Frequently asked
questions

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Do I need to be able to swim to do hydrotherapy

No. Hydrotherapy sessions are conducted in a supervised, controlled environment and do not require swimming ability. Flotation equipment is used where needed, and your physiotherapist is with you throughout.

Is hydrotherapy covered by ACC?

Hydrotherapy may be covered as part of an ACC-funded physiotherapy programme depending on your injury and claim. Speak to your treating physiotherapist or contact your nearest Habit Health clinic to discuss your specific situation.

How is hydrotherapy different from swimming for exercise?

Hydrotherapy is a clinically directed treatment programme prescribed and supervised by a physiotherapist. It uses specific therapeutic exercises designed for your condition and goals. General pool exercise and swimming, while beneficial, are not the same as a structured hydrotherapy programme.

How many sessions will I need?

This depends on your condition, goals and rate of progress. Some people benefit from a short course of four to six sessions; others with more complex conditions may require longer programmes. Your physiotherapist will guide you based on your individual response.

Can hydrotherapy help with chronic pain?

Yes. Hydrotherapy is well-suited to people managing chronic pain conditions, particularly where land-based exercise is difficult to tolerate. The warm water, buoyancy and resistance provide a gentle, effective environment for building strength and improving function without exacerbating pain.